Antabuse (Disulfiram)

Drug Uses

Antabuse (Disulfiram), a drug with a single effect. It makes drinking alcoholic beverages an unpleasant experience. Those who are familiar with Antabuse often think that this is its sole benefit. Actually it is much more useful than that. Taking Antabuse is a proactive way of achieving abstinence for whatever timeframe the problem drinker seems appropriate. It removed the alcohol factor from emotional life. The results were useful and unexpected. This medication causes an intolerance to alcohol. Disulfiram is available with a prescription under the brand name Antabuse. Other brand or generic formulations may also be available. Antabuse is used to treat chronic alcoholism. This drug is not a cure for alcoholism and must be used in combination with supportive therapy and counseling. Antabuse interferes with the metabolism of alcohol resulting in unpleasant effects when alcohol is consumed. This medication must never be used without a person's knowledge. Antabuse may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.

Tell your doctor your medical history, especially:

heart disease, kidney disease diabetes; liver disease psychiatric problems thyroid disease epilepsy or another seizure disorder any allergies (especially to rubber or pesticides). brain damage or mental disorders.

You may not be able to take Antabuse (Disulfiram), or you may require a lower dose or special monitoring during your therapy if you have any of these conditions. Your doctor may want you to carry an identification card that states you are taking Antabuse. Disulfiram (Antabuse) is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether Disulfiram will be harmful to an unborn baby. Do not take this medication without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant or could become pregnant during treatment. Do not take Antabuse without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. Disulfiram passes into breast milk in small amounts and may affect a nursing baby.

How Taken

Because disulfiram can cause drowsiness, use caution when driving or engaging in activities requiring alertness. Take this medication by mouth, usually one or two tablets daily as directed by your doctor. Tablets can be crushed or mixed with liquid if swallowing is a problem. Do not take this medication for at least 12 hours after drinking alcohol. Do not drink alcohol while taking Antabuse. Flushing, fast heartbeats, nausea, thirst, chest pain, vertigo, and low blood pressure may occur when alcohol is ingested during Antabuse therapy. While taking this medication, it is extremely important you avoid alcohol in all forms including beer, wine, aftershave lotions, mouthwash, colognes, liquid medications. Read labels carefully, including those of nonprescription products, and ask your pharmacist about the alcohol content if you are uncertain. Reactions may occur from drinking alcohol for several weeks after you have stopped taking Antabuse. Be aware of the alcohol content of other common products such as cough and cold medicines, mouth washes, tonics, sauces, vinegars, and other food products. Alcohol in these products can also cause a reaction. Do not share this medicine with others for whom it was not prescribed. Do not use this medicine for other health conditions.If you will be taking this medicine for an extended period of time, be sure to obtain necessary refills before your supply runs out. Take each dose with a full glass (8 ounces) of water. Store Antabuse at room temperature away from moisture and heat.

Disulfiram (Antabuse) can affect the way your body reacts to other drugs. Tell your doctor about all the medications you use (both prescription and nonprescription), especially: a tricyclic antidepressant such as amitriptyline (Elavil), imipramine (Tofranil), doxepin (Sinequan), nortriptyline (Pamelor), and others; metronidazole (Flagyl); warfarin (Coumadin); theophylline (Theo-Dur); lithium (Lithobid, Eskalith, others). phenytoin (Dilantin); amitriptyline, metronidazole, theophylline, phenytoin, warfarin. isoniazid (Nydrazid); a monoamine oxidase inhibitor such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), phenelzine (Nardil), or tranylcypromine (Parnate); a benzodiazepine such as diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), chlordiazepoxide (Librium), clorazepate (Tranxene), temazepam (Restoril), triazolam (Halcion), and others Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with Antabuse (Disulfiram). Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.

Tell your doctor (or dentist) that you are taking Antabuse before taking an antibiotic or before having surgery. Talk to your doctor or phaarmacist if you have questions regarding product alcohol content. Do not come in contact or breathe the fumes of products that may contain alcohol including paint thinners, solvents, stains, lacquers and others.

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose, Take the missed dose as soon as you remember if it is within 12 hours of the missed dose. If it is past 12 hours when you remember, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule. and go back to your regular dosing schedule Do not double the dose to catch up. overdose Symptoms of a Antabuse (Disulfiram) overdose include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of coordination, numbness and tingling, and seizures, unsteadiness, unusual bleeding or bruising, facial flushing, decreased sexual ability, fainting, memory loss, garlic or rotten egg breath, metallic taste, and seizures. Seek emergency medical attention.

Drug Class

Antabuse produces a sensitivity to alcohol which results in a highly unpleasant reaction when the patient under treatment ingests even small amounts of alcohol. Alcohol is metabolized by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase into acetaldehyde. Acetaldehyde is toxic. Any concentration of it in the blood causes unpleasant physiological events: rapid increase in blood flow to the skin of the face, neck, and chest, rapid heartbeat, headache, nausea, and extreme drowsiness. During alcohol metabolism after antabuse intake, the concentration of acetaldehyde occurring in the blood may be 5 to 10 times higher than that found during metabolism of the same amount of alcohol alone. Accumulation of acetaldehyde in the blood produces a complex of highly unpleasant symptoms referred to as the antabuse-alcohol reaction. The intensity of these effects is determined by the individual's metabolism and the concentration of acetaldehyde in the blood. Acetaldehyde is metabolized by another enzyme called aldehyde dehydrogenase into acetate, which is essentially harmless and eventually metabolized into carbon dioxide and water. Antabuse blocks production of the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase. The acetaldehyde remains in the system. The concentration of acetaldehyde in the blood increases according to the amount of alcohol consumed, as do the unpleasant effects it causes. The experience of drinking alcoholic beverages, which is normally pleasant, becomes unpleasant. Antabuse (Disulfiram) does not appear to influence the rate of alcohol elimination from the body.

Storage

Store this medicine at room temperature between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C) in a tightly-closed container, away from heat and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Кeep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed.

Possible side effects of Antabuse

Severe and sometimes fatal liver problems have occurred in patients taking Antabuse (Disulfiram) even without a prior history of liver problems. If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking Antabuse and seek emergency medical attention: an allergic reaction (swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; shortness of breath; closing of your throat; or hives); seizures extreme tiredness dark urine yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice); large appetite changes weakness, dizziness or loss of coordination; or severe diarrhea or vomiting Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take Antabuse and talk to your doctor if you experience skin rash or acne mild headaches mild drowsiness or tiredness impotence metallic taste in the mouth; or swollen or sore tongue.

This medication may cause headache, drowsiness, restlessness, skin rash, acne, garlic-like aftertaste, changes in vision. Inform your doctor if any of these effects persist or worsen. Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.

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